Optimizing ADHD Treatment: Revealing Key Components of Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy

Researchers from Japan identify the three most effective therapeutic techniques for this common neurodevelopmental disorder

Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used treatment option for people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it is unclear if some of its components are more effective than others. Now, through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of past randomized controlled trials, researchers have identified three pivotal CBT techniques for managing ADHD: organizational strategies, third-wave techniques, and problem-solving approaches. Their findings could guide future research on this topic and help revise current clinical guidelines.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the brain’s ability to regulate attention and control impulses. It poses many challenges to those affected, typically making it difficult for them to sustain focus, follow through with instructions, and maintain a calm and restful state. As one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD impacts individuals throughout their lives, creating a breadth of social, emotional, academic, and workplace challenges.

Despite its high prevalence and decades of research, currently available drugs for ADHD are not able to completely resolve the core symptoms of the disorder in most cases. Today, a type of psychological therapy called cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely recommended, either alongside drugs or on its own. This approach involves helping individuals develop practical strategies to manage their symptoms, such as improving organizational skills, enhancing emotional regulation, and reducing impulsive behaviors. While CBT can provide long-term tools for coping with the challenges of ADHD, it is a complex intervention with many different components. Could some components in CBT be consistently more effective than others?

To answer this question, a research team from Japan conducted an extensive review and meta-analysis of existing literature on the subject. The study was conducted by Research Associate Professor Kazuki Matsumoto from Kagoshima University, Assistant Professor Sayo Hamatani from the University of Fukui, Professor Yoshihiko Kunisato from Senshu University, and Associate Professor Yoshifumi Mizuno from the University of Fukui. Their findings were published in Volume 27, Issue 1 in the journal BMJ Mental Health on December 27, 2024.

Source: https://www.u-fukui.ac.jp/en-research/103299/